Nancy J. Chodorow :: Biography

Personal Background Chodorow is often appointed as a leading theorist in feminist thought, especially in the field of psychoanalysis and feminist psychology. Her essays are included in many books concerning gender roles and construction as well as psychoanalysis. Her evaluations of the ways in which the psychological dynamics of the gender system is systematically generated and subject to historical change and development are acknowledged as significant contributions to feminist theory. Chodorow is now at the University of California at Berkeley, and she continues her Education and Training She graduated from Radcliffe College in 1966, she earned her PhD in sociology from Brandeis University and received her psychoanalytic training at the San Francisco Psychoanalytic Institute. She then received her PhD from Brandeis University in 1975. Major Contributions Chodorow begins her experiences with challenging psychoanalyst none other than Sigmund Frued. His ambition for psychoanalysis led him to his first methods and theories. These methods and theories are as followed; Oedipus complex, dream analysis and his understanding of sexuality and psychopathology. Nancy was inspired by the psychology of women contributions of the 1920’s and 1930’s. Frued’s Oedipus pivots an entire legacy of Nancy’s curiosity of mother-daughter psychology, and which led Frued (1931) to redefine the psychology of feminity. As Chodorow was influenced by the influencing psychoanalysis in the 1930’s, she realized that psychological anthropology (her own subspecialty) had explored the psychology of gender culture. Chodorow’s first women’s conference in 1969 is what propelled her and other women into awareness. â€Å"Being and Doing† was Chodorow’s first published book which contained a cross-cultural examination of the socialization of Males and Females (1972). Its main focus was that sexism is political, economic, familial institutions in terms of men’s behavior toward women. Chodorow explains that â€Å"Being and Doing† located the men’s origin of male dominance in men’s dread of women and fear of their own external feminity. Surprisingly, Chodorow found that male and female bisexual identifications were asymmetrical; the man’s being more threatening. (Chodorow, 2004). The book concluded that women’s identity was based on â€Å"being† and men’s masculine identity was based on â€Å"doing.† â€Å"Being and Doing† was published over 30 years ago and inadvertently anticipated many of themes that are now found in psychoanalytic rethinking of feminity. At this point in time Chodorow insists to take an intuitive and natural mode; beginning with a single, self-evident, taken-for granted but previously unnoticed or unstudied feature of psychic or culture world and expand the consequences of the fact from within the clinical moment (Chodorow, 2004).

Legal Issues for Business Essay

Sole proprietorship is an unincorporated business with one owner who pays personal income tax on profits from the business. The benefit of the sole proprietorship is the tax advantage. The disadvantage of a sole proprietorship is obtaining capital funding. * Liability – As the owner of a sole proprietorship, one is personally liable for all business debts, creditors may sue you personally to satisfy the debt. * Income taxes – As a sole proprietor you must report all business income or losses on your personal income tax return; the business itself is not taxed separately. * Longevity – Longevity depends on the owner and their ability to operate the business; this can be significantly affected if the owner becomes sick or dies. * Control – The owner is in complete control of the business, It is the owners responsibility for all decisions pertaining to business operations * Profit retention – The owner has 100% control of profit retention. They may cho ose to invest their profits or use it for personal use. * Convenience/Burden – Sole proprietorships are convenient and easy to start up since there are no governing laws. A burden of the business is the decisions made may affect the businesses success are the sole responsibility of the owner. GENERAL PARTNERSHIP: An agreement formed by two or more persons. They are simple and inexpensive to create and operate, but the owners are all personally liable for any debts or legal actions * Liability – The liability is shared by all partners. If one partner does something negligent, all partners can be held liable. * Income taxes – All partners are responsible to report their earnings on their own personal tax returns. * Longevity – general partnerships longevity is based on the agreement between partners, they can agree to end their partnership as easily as they formed it. With a partnership between more than two partners, the person leaving can agree to sell their portion of the business. * Control – Control of a general partnership is shared between all parties involved. * Profit retention – All profits of the general partnership belong to the owners. * Convenience/Burden –A general partnership has the convenience of an easy start-up, all partners have a personal interest in the partnership and all profits belong to the partners.  A main burden with a general partnership is the personal liability of all debts and legalities. LIMITED PARTNERSHIP: Limited partnership is similar to a shareholder of a general partnership, being only liable for the amount of investment one has contributed. Limited partners have no management authority. * Liability – A limited partner is only liable for the investments they have contributed, no more no less. * Income taxes – A limited partner reports their share of capital gains and losses on their personal income tax returns. * Longevity – The longevity of a limited partner is based solely on the amount of investment one contributes and their continuation on their investment. * Control – Limited partners generally do not have any control of a general partnership other than their investment. * Profit retention – The amount of profit a limited partner will receive is based on the amount of investment into the company. * Convenience/Burden – The convenience of a limited partnership is one get to share in the profits and losses, but they do not have to partic ipate in the business itself. A limited partners liability is only limited to the investment they have contributed. A burden of limited partnership can be the lack of involvement for the investment one has contributed, C-CORPORATION: Is a legal way that businesses can organize to limit the owner’s financial and legal liability. C-corporations are taxed separately from the owners. Though they are taxed separately, c-corps have the disadvantage of double taxation, being taxed on the corporate level as well as the shareholder level. * Liability – C-corporations provide limited liability to owners, therefore, owners are not usually responsible for the corporations debts and liabilities. * Income taxes – C-corporations are taxed as a separate entity under corporate tax rates for any business income, any profits made to owners are then taxed again at the personal income tax level. * Longevity – The life of a C-corporation can exist indefinitely based on the shareholders, by selling of stocks, unlimited number of owners and transfer of ownership. * Control – Control of a C-corporation is held by its shareholders, but may be delegated to a board of directors. * Profit retention -Because a C-corporation’s income is taxed twice, paying taxes on its income and the shareholder’s also paying personal taxes on the dividend  income received from the corporation, there is less profit retention than that of a general partnership. * Convenience/Burden – C-corporations have the convenience of unlimited shareholders, as well as no restrictions on who is allowed to become a shareholder. The double taxation of a C-corporation can be a burden to shareholders based on profit retention. S-CORPORATION: A corporation that does not pay federal taxes. All corporate income and losses are passed through to the shareholders and claimed on their personal income taxes. * Liability – Shareholders of an S- corporation are offered limited liability for the corporation’s debt. * Income taxes – S-corporations do not pay income taxes, instead, income passes through to the shareholders and is claimed on their personal income taxes. * Longevity – Similar to a C-corporation, an S-corporation can exist indefinitely, though S-corporations have regulatory restrictions on the number of shareholders it may have. * Control – The control of an S-corporation is held by its shareholders, but may be delegated to a board of directors. * Profit retention – An S-corporation allows its shareholders to keep more of the earned profits by passing through its income taxes directly to its shareholders unlike a C-corporation which is double taxed. * Convenience/Burden – S-corporations have the convenience of retaining more of its profits by passing through its income taxes directly to its shareholders, avoiding the double taxation of a C- corporation. S-corporations have the burden of regulatory restrictions, including limiting the number of shareholders; shareholders cannot be corporations and must be U.S. citizens. LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY: A Limited liability company (LLC) is a business entity that offers its owners limited liability. Owners are not personally liable for any debt other than their investment. * Liability – owners of a LLC have limited liability; they are only liable for their investment. * Income taxes – A LLC is not a taxable entity, income taxes are passed through to the owners and their personal income taxes. * Longevity – Limited liability companies can exist indefinitely, they have the option of transferring ownership without restriction. * Control – The control of a LLC can be based on the number of owners as well as the amount of investment one has in the company. * Profit retention – Profits of a LLC is passed through to the owners and is  taxed at their personal tax rate, allowing owners to pay less in taxes and retain more profit. * Convenience/Burden – Limited liability companies have the convenience of pass through taxation, allowing the owners lar ger profits. LLC’s have the burden of varying restrictions from state to state, there are different renewal fees and franchise taxes that must be paid and LLC’s must pay self-employment taxes.

Araby, By James Joyce - 917 Words

Araby is a short story by James Joyce about a young boy who is infatuated a young woman who is the older sister of one of his friends. He watches her from afar and believes that his feelings are true love. He lacks the confidence to speak to her or confide in anyone else. The narrator speaks of her as if she were the most beautiful and wondrous human on earth, however, he does not realize that he is in love with the thought of her and not necessarily her. The narrator lives in Ireland as James Joyce did. At this time Ireland was deeply Catholic. Catholicism is usually strict when it comes to romance and gender roles, especially in the late 1800s or early 1900s. Magan s sister is older than the narrator and in a convent. Both she and the narrator are from religious family as the narrator goes to the Christian Brothers’ School. Dating was not necessarily an option especially at their ages. The narrator would look odd trying to befriend her. Their probably is a age gap between the of two or more years and they are of the opposite gender. Watching her from afar was the only thing the narrator felt he could do. He honestly could not really get to know her well, which led to just an attraction to her physical appearance and to his own imagination of her. The first conversation they truly have is her asking him if he was going to go to Araby. He is so nervous that he could not remember what he told her. She could not go and so the narrator promises that if he goes he would bringShow MoreRelatedAraby and James Joyce1207 Words   |  5 PagesThe short story â€Å"Araby† is clearly identifiable as the work of James Joyce. His vocalized ambition of acquainting fellow Irish natives with the true temperament of his homeland is apparent throughout the story. Joyce’s painstakingly precise writing style can be observed throughout â€Å"Araby† as well. Roman Catholicism, which played a heavy role in Joyce’s life, also does so in the story which is another aspect which makes Joyce’s authorship of the story unmistakable. As a result of Irish heritage displayedRead MoreAraby, By James Joyce1013 Words   |  5 Pages James Joyce’s short fiction, â€Å"Araby†, speaks of the loss of innocence when on e enters adulthood. The narrator of â€Å"Araby† reflects back to his childhood and the defining moment when he reached clarity on the world he stood before. The young boy, living in a world lifeless and religious influence, becomes consumed with the lust of a neighbouring girl. The girl, Mangan, is symbolically the narrator’s childhood obsession with growing up. As she resembles the desire to become an adult, the Araby is theRead More`` Araby `` By James Joyce1315 Words   |  6 PagesThe short story â€Å"Araby† by James Joyce is a young boy who has such an infatuation for his friend Mangan sister, he begins to idolize her as if she was a saint. This is when the idea of love and desire come into play. He simply can’t stop thinking about her and sees her in a godly like way. As the story begins to unfold the realization that the young boy doesn t quite understand the concept of the illusion and the reality of what Mangan’s sister really means to him. The young boy realizes that hisRead MoreAraby, By James Joyce956 Words   |  4 PagesIn the short story â€Å"Araby,† James Joyce uses religion to give a the story deeper meaning. The narrator of the story finds himself in a confusing love that is unrealistic and distorted. In â€Å"Araby,† Joyce uses an underlying theme of religion to portray a confusing admiration that is brought to a twisted end. Throughout â€Å"Araby† there is an underlying theme of religion. The boy himself lives with his uncle who is feared by the other kids on the street. If he is seen the kids â€Å"hid in the shadows† untilRead More`` Araby `` By James Joyce1885 Words   |  8 PagesJohn Updike and â€Å"Araby† by James Joyce both introduce two young protagonist who both share in blinded adoration for young women. Both young men attempts to woo the young woman by proving their nobility. Both efforts go completely unnoticed by both girls and both young men are left alone dealing the aftermath of their failed nobility, which changes the way they view themselves. James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† is a medieval romance set in Dublin, Ireland. As we are introduced to the story, Joyce describes theRead MoreAraby, By James Joyce869 Words   |  4 Pages Araby In the short novel, Araby by James joyce which was one of the most influential writers in the modernist era of the early 20th century. In Araby, Joyce highlights a young boy who describes the North Dublin Street where he lives in a house with his aunt and uncle. The narrator recalls when he and his friends used to run through the dark muddy lanes of the house to avoid his uncle or when Mangan’s sister came out on the doorstep to call her brother in to his tea. He is obsessed with the youngRead More`` Araby `` By James Joyce843 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"Araby†, James Joyce uses the young unnamed boy as her main character. Representing himself in this first person view, the main character takes us on a journey that suggests the verge of adolescence. The events that take place in this story create a very clear image for us, reflecting the difficulties a young boy may undergo during the last years of his juvenile life. The awakening is sometimes unknowingly refreshing. He would watch the girl he most desires at times throughout the day as if mesmerizedRead More`` Araby `` By James Joyce1451 Words   |  6 PagesJames Joyce, an Irish novelist, wrote fifteen short stories that depict Irish middle class life in Dublin, Ireland during the early years of the twentieth century. He entitled the compilation of these short stories Dubliners. The protagonist in each of these stories, shares a desire for change. This common interest motivates the protagonist and helps them to move forward in their lives. Additionally, the protagonist has an epiphany, or moment of realization or transformation. In â€Å"Araby†, the narratorRead MoreAraby, By James Joyce Essay1888 Words   |  8 PagesJames Joyce’s, Araby, is an emotional short story that centers around a nameless boy living in Dublin, with his aunt and uncle, who has a consuming crush on his friend’s sister. His love for her leads him to the Araby bazaar, and there he comes to a realizat ion about his immature actions. This event is the basis for the entire story, but the ideas Joyce promotes with this story revolve around the boy’s reactions to his feelings about his crush. Joyce spends much of the story describing the boy’sRead More Araby by James Joyce Essay620 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Araby† by James Joyce   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There seems to be a great deal of controversy surrounding the short story, â€Å"Araby† by James Joyce. This isn’t controversy dealing with various political issues or controversy involving issues of free speech or anything related to these things. It is of a more simple matter: whether the young boy in this story is capable of having a deep emotional realization at the conclusion of the story. It is obvious to me via the final sentence, (Araby, 398), that he does not make

Suetonius Strengths and Weaknesses - 1016 Words

The ancient historian Suetonius was born in the year AD 69, when his father, a Roman knight, served as a colonel in a regular legion and took part in the Battle of Baetricum. From the letters of Suetoniuss close friend Pliny the Younger we learn that he practiced briefly at the bar, avoided political life, and became chief secretary to the Emperor Hadrian. The historian Spartianus records that he was one of several Palace officials, including the Guards Commander, whom Hadrian, when he returned from Britain, dismissed for behaving indiscreetly with the Empress Sabina. Suetonius lived a great life as a historian and biographer and wrote many books. The titles of his books are recorded as follows: The Twelve Caesars; Royal Biographies;†¦show more content†¦Suetonius tried to give his readers insights into the characters of individual Caesars through a wide variety of means, including, for instance, descriptions of their physical appearance which was thought by ancient peop le to be a clear index of a persons character. That brings about the question of if Suetonius is a credible source for the lives of the Caesars. People could say that it has nothing to do with how the Caesars worked as Caesars and the material he gives is of unimportance to us, therefore being a weakness in his works. The Romans did care of how the Caesars lived in their personal lives though because that was of great importance to them. This to the people of Rome is a great strength is Suetonius works. To build upon a greater strength for Suetonius he did understand the emperors were administrators to the Roman world. When writing about the emperors job he does add everything that being an emperor is all about. He talks about the geography. He subdivides socially, the treatment of the senate, the equestrian order, the Roman citizens, and the slaves. He deals with the areas of public life, religion, military, and civilian. So all though he talks a lot about the personal lives of the Caesars he does include a big amount of how the Caesars did their jobs. Suetonius brought about a new style of biographies of the Caesars. Some believe it was to be for the good of society, and someShow MoreRelatedComparing Suetonius And Tacitus1175 Words   |  5 PagesThe accounts of emperor Tiberius’ reign by both Suetonius and Tacitus have qualities that serve to show how differing authors viewed Tiberius in various flattering and unappealing ways by their personal reasoning and desire t o preserve truth as much as possible in scope of their respective intentions to provide scholars with treatments of him that give a through picture of his traits, strengths and weaknesses. Overall, by examining both accounts of Tiberius’ reign, readers are able to form independentRead MoreEmperors of the Roman Empire1028 Words   |  4 PagesEmperors In Ancient Rome, the government was controlled by an emperor starting with Julius Caesar. After his death, men jockeyed for power throughout the next several centuries. Each emperor had his own strengths and weaknesses which made them either beloved or hated by their people. If loyalty to the people and doing what is best for the citizens of the nation or state is the most important criteria on which to judge an emperor, then the success or failure of the emperor can be judged by comparingRead MoreAgrippina Strengths And Weaknesses996 Words   |  4 PagesMany of Agrippina’s strengths were also her greatest weaknesses. Her political ability and ambition were great strengths of character, as was her determination, but at times she aimed too high and was ultimately brought down by the very traits that had enabled her to achieve positions of power. Agrippina was able to become one of the most significant women of the Ancient Roman World, but at the same time she was considered manipulative, and was despised by many, including eventually her son - theRead MoreWhat Are Source, Form, And Redaction Criticism?1940 Words   |  8 Pagestime. 3.) From an evangelical perspective, what are the strengths and weaknesses of each? Scholars use form criticism to deny Scripture and the form-critics have a bias against supernaturalism and believe that the miracles of Jesus were created. The German scholar Rudolf Bultmann believed that the Bible needed to be stripped of its miraculous accounts, and be â€Å"demythologized† in order to be accepted by modern society. A strength of form criticism that I see is the amount of proven accuracyRead MoreAlexander the Great Essay13163 Words   |  53 Pages and ancient Egyptians had called Ammon The Invisible, so any other attribution is superfluous. The animal dedicated to the cult of Ammon was ram-aries, one of the astral fire signs, with the active male principle and the symbol of Pure Will strength, that stands behind everything , which initiates each significant event and crushes all obstacles (like aries or thunder). The thought and vision, now become action. Only through action does it take form, power and is transformed into reality. The

Working Title For App The Problem Of Social Media

Working title for app The game changer that is the Internet would not be the same if it wasn t for social media, the two are interdependent of each other. Because of social media site such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram becoming such a normality in life, It has become a rarity to come across someone who is not constantly using these apps. With the constant use use of theses social networking apps we are converting the deep meaning of intimacy and friendship with exchanging photos and chat conversations skewing are ability to socialize. With the addition to bloatware an app that monitors the use of social media, promotes limitation of use and has the potential to forcibly limit use of social media sites to help re-establish the importance of human interaction. How will these apps function, there cost and how much control will people have over them? With a decrease in Face-to-Face interactions and increased online interactions we typically began to see a transition in interactions from, focused on quality over quantity to quantity over quality. A study by Courtney Turnbull of Elon University, â€Å"finds there is an increase in the quantity of interpersonal communication due to the ease of getting in touch via the Internet, but this increase comes at the cost of quality. Turnbull states that this is the result of text messaging and email.† (Brodie) As well as, allowing the ability to creating an image of one s self that differs from reality, tag teaming it withShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Technology On The Technology Field1421 Words   |  6 Pagesthere would be an increase of females working within the technology field, and this rapid change in the way we as humans communicate would indicate the information age demands parents to be consistently up to date with the latest innovations of technology. Both genders wou ld have to be aware of basic computing knowledge, the home would require internet access and parents would be required to be at an above average understanding of word processing. What problems could this potentially bring in a societalRead MoreBullying And The Problem Of Bullying Essay1410 Words   |  6 Pagesis such a widespread problem going on in schools today. There are times it is swept under the rug, but it is time to address the problem head on. A lot of adults could probably tell you about a time throughout school that they were bullied themselves. Many consider bullying a â€Å"part of growing up,† but I don’t believe this at all. When you have young children killing themselves over being bullied, it needs to end! I believe that the introduction of all the social media apps has made the bullyingRead MorePositive And Negative Aspects Of Advertising1695 Words   |  7 Pagestechnologies and forms of social media, not to mention, the endless ads you encounter on a day to day basis, right? You have probably tried to download an app for free, knowing that it’s only free because of the advertisements you will have to occasionall y view. It seems that we are all willing to receive free forms of entertainment, such as apps, songs, movies, and shows in exchange for our exposure to advertised messages, which in turn are used to create new, free media. Although there are someRead MoreResearch Paper On Managing Change1119 Words   |  5 Pages Managing Change Katisha Scott American Intercontinental Online August 20, 2017 â€Æ' The business that I that we will be recruiting for is the company that I am currently working for and I will discuss the hiring process that will be utilized when looking for and recruiting potential applicants. When applying for this job at Southwest Airlines, all applicants will go through a multi-hiring process before being considered a qualified applicant for this company. For this business to be a successRead MoreEmotions And Humans Relation : How The Data Today Is All About Emotions1077 Words   |  5 Pagessubject-object-verb Other features include: Nouns are followed by post positions. Adjectives come before the nouns they amend Lot of communication is now happening in native languages like hindi. Lots of blogs, newspapers forums, literature forums, social network accounts broadcasting information in hindi. The Hindi music industry is ruled by Bollywood. Music is backed by movies here. The main characteristic of hindi songs is that they are diverse both in instrumentation and style. They are not justRead MoreThe Effects Of Technology On Eating Disorders2029 Words   |  9 Pagesdisorders are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Eating disorders — which include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating — are a complex set of illnesses caused by genetic, biological, behavioral, psychological and social factors. These disorders have the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric illness. Anorexia, in particular, has a mortality rate 12 times higher than any other cause of death in women ages 15 to 24, according to the National Institute of MentalRead MoreMobile Pa yment Apps And Its Impact On The World3485 Words   |  14 Pagesdeveloped mobile payment apps for those with accounts to exchange funds easily amongst one another. In 2009, Venmo was made publicly available and, not long after, the money-transfer app took off due to its convenience and allowance for inter-institutional transfers (members of different banks can transfer money to one another). The app has grown at an incredible rate, handling over $700 million of transactions in the third quarter of 2014 alone. By linking with social media, it has become the go-toRead MoreEating Healthy On A Budget Made Easy Essay1881 Words   |  8 PagesMade Easy† is a prodigious title to attract a variety of customers. In the customer segment, she narrowed down to focus on men and women ages between 18 and 45 years with limited income. That is a 27-year span of buyers who are trying to eat well and maintain a healthy lifestyle with less budget. The customer segment does make sense which focuses on addressing issues of overweight and obese men/women with limited income. 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A general comparisonRead MoreI Help Solve Inefficiency Through Design And Scalable Technology2805 Words   |  12 Pagesability to respond to unfamiliar situations agilely and to be able to apply de sign thinking to solve complex problems that face the advertising and marketing environment that is becoming more automated and data-driven. This sentiment is a shared concern across marketers, publishers, brands and the agencies representative of those brands as programmatic and ad-tech has permeated the way media is bought and sold. Part of an integrated marketing and technology services department that creates and engineers

The Language of Performance Essay Example For Students

The Language of Performance Essay There are three main stages of the performance process; improvisation, rehearsal and performance. All three stages are closely linked to each other and often overlap; a dress rehearsal for instance is a rehearsal and it is also a performance.  Ã‚  Improvisation is an unrehearsed performance, sometimes to an audience. There are always some aspects of improvisation that are rehearsed however if too much is then it can loose its spontaneity. Improvisation allows performers freedom, whilst still keeping them within certain limitations. There are certain aspects of improvisation, which often remain fixed, for example the structure and conventions of a performance. This is because without a structure there would be no performance and the conventions need to remain the same throughout because if the conventions changed so would the whole performance. An example of this is in our music piece, the original idea was too big to develop in the given time, so the conventions of the performance were changed and then it was easier to compose something. Improvisation is used in all three disciplines of Performing Arts; drama, dance, music and also in all of the disciplines combined. In drama, improvisation is used when there is no script. This is good as sometimes when actors use a script the performance is unnatural and static, however if they improvise the performance is more naturalistic. Improvisation is used in drama both in rehearsal and performance. It used as a main focus in certain styles of performance, for example in stand up comedy such as Billy Connelly. For all four performances, improvisation was used. This improvisation mainly occurred during the rehearsals for the performances. Improvisation was used throughout my drama piece, from when we first learnt about what we had to do, through until the final performance. It was used particularly in warm ups, when ideas were being brainstormed and when the performance was being blocked. It was important when the performance was being blocked because in order to give the audience the best possible form of participation, the performance had to be blocked in various ways and then the best chosen. We used improvisation during the choreographing of our dance piece. To find the correct step, a few are needed to compare and then one chosen. As in drama and music, improvisation can be used as a selection process. Improvisation was used continually in the dance piece especially at the very beginning when a piece of music was being chosen. This is because the music being used had to fit in with a couple of steps, which were the stimulus, and everything grew from them. Improvisation was used throughout as new steps were added continually, as we amended the piece. Improvisation was used more continually throughout dance as we had the least limitations, and the most rehearsal time. The only limitation we had was that we had to incorporate some aspects from the two motifs we had learnt which played an integral role in the development of the devised piece. In music, when a piece is in the process of being composed, improvisation is used as the composer tries different styles, rhythms, instruments and notes. Often jazz is improvised when it is being performed, particularly the melody. In our music piece at the very beginning, improvisation was used to experiment with tunes and rhythms until something stood out. We found that our initial idea, to incorporate a section of music from each decade in the twentieth century, was too expansive to do in the given time. Therefore, improvisation was used again as new ideas were born. Finally we settled upon and the specific styles, of the blues and classical music. These related to the given stimulus of evolution because different styles of music have evolved throughout history. By using two different styles we showed part of evolution. Our combined piece, incorporated all three disciplines; drama, music and dance. There was a narrower scope for improvisation and ideas in the combined performance, as the stimulus given was more fixed. This meant less improvisation occurred. .u933aa8200f11bab4e5115bd038ab92da , .u933aa8200f11bab4e5115bd038ab92da .postImageUrl , .u933aa8200f11bab4e5115bd038ab92da .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u933aa8200f11bab4e5115bd038ab92da , .u933aa8200f11bab4e5115bd038ab92da:hover , .u933aa8200f11bab4e5115bd038ab92da:visited , .u933aa8200f11bab4e5115bd038ab92da:active { border:0!important; } .u933aa8200f11bab4e5115bd038ab92da .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u933aa8200f11bab4e5115bd038ab92da { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u933aa8200f11bab4e5115bd038ab92da:active , .u933aa8200f11bab4e5115bd038ab92da:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u933aa8200f11bab4e5115bd038ab92da .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u933aa8200f11bab4e5115bd038ab92da .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u933aa8200f11bab4e5115bd038ab92da .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u933aa8200f11bab4e5115bd038ab92da .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u933aa8200f11bab4e5115bd038ab92da:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u933aa8200f11bab4e5115bd038ab92da .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u933aa8200f11bab4e5115bd038ab92da .u933aa8200f11bab4e5115bd038ab92da-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u933aa8200f11bab4e5115bd038ab92da:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Priceless Adventure EssayRehearsal is used to change and improve scenes or sections and to perfect a performance. Every performance began with a warm up. This varied for each discipline, but all the warm ups involved improvisation. In a combined warm up groups of different sizes had to make shapes of particular objects, thus improvising the shape of an object.  Improvisation is used in rehearsal particularly when changing parts, for example, in music one section was not working, so other ideas were improvised and one was found which worked better than the original idea. From how the rehearsal time was used differently for each performance, I learnt that time manageme nt and organisation were required to get the full benefits from the time. It was important to use the time judiciously right from the beginning, and although it was important to improvise using different ideas and styles, we had to be careful that we progressed in the development of the piece at the same time. For each discipline the time was used differently, for example in dance a lot of the time was used improvising, whereas in combined, the time was used more on finishing the piece than perfecting it. The rehearsal time given for performances has to be used carefully and productively. In dance rehearsal time was spent perfecting the beginning rather than advancing on the rest of the piece and this caused us to rush at the end. For the drama performance, most of the rehearsal time was spent brainstorming and planning every detail of the performance, rather than rehearsing what was to be performed. The combined rehearsals were used most productively, because there was the least rehearsal time for this performance. The first rehearsal series was spent improvising ideas, and the second part was then used to perfect and add music and props to the performance. The first rehearsal was also used to block the piece after it had been decided which idea was going to be used. When you are blocking a piece you are deciding where everything is going to happen on stage; in our drama piece, we decided to have, at the end, two tableaux, one stage left and one stage right. We then had one person centre stage addressing the audience. By blocking it in this way, the audience focus would be on the person centre stage.

Local, national and European economies impact on Vauxhall Motors and JD Wetherspoon Essay Example

Local, national and European economies impact on Vauxhall Motors and JD Wetherspoon Essay In investigating to what extent local, national and European economies impact on two contrasting organisations within the UK, Vauxhall Motors and JD Wetherspoon provide a interesting and informative perspective to base this on. An organisation has traditionally been defined as a group of people with a common purpose. According to this view, the organisation is a distinct entity separate from its environment. This means that if the organisations environment changes the organisations has to adapt. So in looking at economics, which is essentially an organisations environment, you need to understand what exactly economics are. The fact is economics affect our daily lives. Continually we are being made aware of local, national and international economic problems, and continually we are faced with economic problems and decisions of our own. Basically economics is essentially about money. We will write a custom essay sample on Local, national and European economies impact on Vauxhall Motors and JD Wetherspoon specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Local, national and European economies impact on Vauxhall Motors and JD Wetherspoon specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Local, national and European economies impact on Vauxhall Motors and JD Wetherspoon specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This is measured by how much money people are paid, how much they spend, what it is costs to buy various items, how much moneys firms earn and how much money there is in total in the economy. But despite the large number of areas in which our lives are concerned with money, economics is more than just the study of money. There are many areas such as the production and consumption of goods, demand and supply, which affect organisations. With this is mine two UK companies which have been affected heavily in recent years buy local, national and European Economies are Vauxhall Motors and JD Wetherspoon. They have been affected in very different ways and this report will try and demonstrate the ways in which these companies have been affected. Vauxhall Motors Firstly Vauxhall Motors is one of the longest established motor manufacturers in the world, and part of the worlds largest corporation General Motors. Founded in 1903 the company now employs 7,000 people directly, and supports an estimated 30,000 further jobs in the UK. It is estimated that approximately 100,000 people are employed throughout the entire supply chain to support Vauxhalls presence in the UK from raw material suppliers to dealership staff. One major manufacturing facility, UK parts warehouse and headquarters are located in the Luton area. The second major manufacturing facility where the Astra is produced was opened in Ellesmere Port in 1963, and in 1992 a major engine facility was added, exporting V6 engines and components throughout the world. Latest Position During 2001 car production continued at both the UK sites. As part of Europe-wide restructuring to stem losses and return GMs European operations to profitability, 2000 ended with the difficult announcement that car production at the Luton plant would cease in 2002. Throughout the year the manufacturing plant developed and implemented a strategy for a dignified end of production, scheduled for the end of March 2002. For a look at its current position please see appendix A. On the same site is Vauxhall Powertrain, which produces V6 engines for GM-Fiat Powertrain customers around the world. With increased sales volumes in 2001 the company became the leading supplier of UK-produced vehicles to the domestic market, and Vauxhall also boasts the widest range of UK-manufactured cars and vans, including Astra, Astravan Frontera, Vectra and Vivaro. Vauxhalls average total employment for the year was 8,362, excluding some 500 staff transferred to GM Fiat powertrain and purchasing joint ventures during 2001. With the plant at Ellesmere Port, Vauxhall is the largest private employer in Cheshire. Also for employees, Vauxhall have enhanced Family Friendly policies, offering a new industry-leading maternity and paternity benefit programme. Retail operations are provided by 507 franchised retailers throughout the UK. From looking at Vauxhall current position you can see its main aim to get back to profitability. (See appendix B) JD Wetherspoon JD Wetherspoon on the other hand is a fairly new company and has an organic growth in process. A 24-year-old law student named Tim Martin acquired his first ever pub in North London in December 1979, but he could never have envisaged how popular his style of operation was to prove. He is said to have been spurred on by the lack of good quality pubs in the area where he was living, he decided to take action by purchasing the outlet he drank in, which he named Wetherspoons. His first pub offered a good range of cask-conditioned beers in a music-free environment. Twenty years on, the range of beers and the absence of any music, form the twin cornerstones of the companys pubs, together with their all-day food and non-smoking areas. In the formative years of the company, Wetherspoon pubs were all located in North London. But, as the company grew, it began to open pubs across London and in the Home Counties. Following its successful Stock Market floatation in 1992, Wetherspoon began to expand rapidly. In 1994 it opened its first pub in the Midlands, The Square Peg in Birmingham, followed by others in major cities, including Bristol, Liverpool and Manchester. (See appendix C) Latest Position There are now more than 435 Wetherspoon outlets throughout the UK. The company aims to continue opening new pubs for the foreseeable future. Wetherspoon Chairman Tim Martin said: in the past 20 years Wetherspoon has grown from a single pub to a national company. However our commitment to comfortable, music-free pubs offering excellent beer, all-day food and first-class service has remained consistent, regardless of the size of the company. Wetherspoon is set to open approximately 80 new Pubs and Lloyds No.1 bars during the next 12 months as it builds on a record-breaking year. In the financial year ended July 28 2002, the companys turnover and pre-tax profits were at their highest levels ever. A total of 87 outlets opened across the UK in the year, including unprecedented numbers of Lloyds bars and Wetherspoon Lodges. (Please see appendix D) Types of Organisations There are many ways of classifying organisations: large, medium or small; local, national or international; primary, secondary or tertiary. However for the purpose of this report the best way to define them is either private, public, charitable and voluntary. Both Vauxhall Motors and JD Wetherspoon are Private organisations. Vauxhall is a larger company than JD Wetherspoon. Vauxhall has international links where JD Wetherspoon is UK based. Essentially both companies provide a service to its customers and would be considered large companies. The service they provide is very different and they dont have any link, or hopefully they shouldnt. The main thing to remember between the two from there latest positions are one is in decline (Vauxhall Motors) and the other is growing rapidly (JD Wetherspoon). Organisations Purpose, Aims and Objectives Organisations need to have aims and objectives to be able to focus on the clear direction needed for success in the modern business world. The aim is the overarching goal for the organisation, which can be broken down into a subset of objectives to achieve the aim. Business organisations aims usually relate to profit, market share, return on capital employed, sales, growth, levels of service and customer/user perception. In the case of both Vauxhall Motors and JD Wetherspoon this is no different. Vauxhall Motors In 2000 reported that the main economic challenge for Vauxhall was returning to profitability. Although economic performance in 2001 went some way to reversing the losses witnessed in 2000, a return to profitability remains the overriding economic challenge for the company. Following the launch of a record four new products in 2000, a further four new vehicles were launched in 2001 (Vivaro, Combo, Corsavan and Astra convertible) assisting sales through the year, and with the launch of New Vectra in 2002 and extensive cost saving and revenue building programmes in place, Vauxhall aims to break even in 2002 and return to sustained profitability in 2003. So using initiative and new ideas is an objective of Vauxhall to get back to profitability. But essential Vauxhall have much the same objectives as of any other company. JD Wetherspoon The organisation owns and operates pubs throughout the UK. Without the gimmies of profit, market share etc. The company aims to provide customers with good-quality food and drink, served by well-trained and friendly staff, at reasonable prices (See appendix E). The pubs are individually designed and excellently maintained. This has been an underpinning aim of JD Wetherspoon as they look to such areas of customer loyalty as a method of increasing profits. Some companies, especially pubs, have not had this in mine and there is not enough emphasis on customer service. JD Wetherspoon is said to be always committed to quality, choice and value. JD Wetherspoon has taken a simple idea that people go to pubs for good beer, food and service, in a clean and friendly environment and turned it into a major success story; one which is growing by two new openings each week. JD Wetherspoon is said to give as much back to our people as possible and have one of the best benefits packages in the business. The other major aim is to continue its rapid growth this is proving the country with jobs. Essential Vauxhall are trying to claw its way back where as JD Wetherspoon is onwards and upwards with its aims and objectives. Responsibilities Organisations have a range of responsibilities to their stakeholders. Both these organisations have many responsibilities. Social During 2001 Vauxhall developed an umbrella social policy, which summarises a number of existing policies into a single document. The aim of the policy is to communicate better with employees and the wider public on key issues to Vauxhall, including health and safety, human rights, equal opportunities, community involvement and supplier conduct. A look at the Vauxhalls social highlight and challenge can be seen in appendices F and G. Environmental Responsibility for environmental issues is delegated throughout the company, from the Managing Director, who is the main board environmental champion, to the shop floor. Corporate issues are discussed and agreed by the Environmental Issues Team, which comprises individuals with environmental responsibilities from various parts of the company. So essentially Vauxhall are meeting their responsibilities in designing schemes and methods to measure this. Vauxhall have also won many awards in this area (See appendix H).A look at the Vauxhalls environmental challenge can be seen in appendix I. JD Wetherspoon has more social responsibilities due to the area of the pub business. This is in the sense of the area of alcohol, which is not socially responsible in the first place. JD Wetherspoon is meeting its responsibilities by been profitable and providing excellent quality of service.